3.1 Protocol Stack and Switching
Engineering-level study guide on protocol stacks, encapsulation, switching, packet/circuit switching and layer-wise network reasoning.
3.2 Link Layer: Ethernet, ARP, CSMA/CD, Wireless LAN and PPP
Advanced link-layer notes covering framing, MAC addressing, ARP, Ethernet, CSMA/CD, hubs, bridges, switches, WLAN and PPP.
3.3 Network Layer: IP Addressing, Routing, RIP, OSPF and IPv6
Engineering-level guide to IP addressing, datagram delivery, fragmentation, ICMP, routing algorithms, RIP, OSPF and IPv6.
3.4 Transport Layer: UDP, TCP, Flow and Congestion Control
Advanced engineering study guide on transport-layer services, UDP, TCP reliability, handshake, teardown, flow control, congestion control and exam answer patterns.
3.5 Application Layer: Web, FTP, Email, DNS and Socket Programming
Advanced engineering study guide on application-layer protocols, HTTP, web caching, FTP, email protocols, DNS resolution and socket programming.
3.6 Distributed Systems and Clusters
Advanced engineering study guide on distributed systems, clusters, replication, consistency, fault tolerance, RPC, load balancing and scalability.