परीक्षा उपयोगिता: Classical conditioning र operant conditioning TSC मा confuse हुने तर scoring topic हो। शब्द संकेत चिन्न सके MCQ सजिलो हुन्छ।
मुख्य परिभाषा
सिकाइ सिद्धान्त
Standard definition: A learning theory explains how learning occurs and how behaviour, knowledge or skills are acquired.
सरल अर्थ: सिकाइ कसरी हुन्छ भन्ने व्याख्या गर्ने सिद्धान्त।
Classical Conditioning
Standard definition: Classical conditioning is learning by association between a neutral stimulus and a natural stimulus.
सरल अर्थ: दुई उत्तेजनाबीच सम्बन्ध बनेर सिकाइ हुनु।
Operant Conditioning
Standard definition: Operant conditioning is learning in which behaviour is shaped by consequences such as reward or punishment.
सरल अर्थ: पुरस्कार वा दण्डजस्ता परिणामबाट व्यवहार बन्नु वा बदलिनु।
Stimulus
Standard definition: A stimulus is anything that produces a response in an organism.
सरल अर्थ: प्रतिक्रिया गराउने कुनै संकेत वा उत्तेजना।
Response
Standard definition: A response is a reaction to a stimulus.
सरल अर्थ: उत्तेजनाप्रति देखिने प्रतिक्रिया।
Classical र Operant फरक
| आधार | Classical Conditioning | Operant Conditioning |
|---|---|---|
| मुख्य आधार | Stimulus association | Consequence of behaviour |
| Learner role | तुलनात्मक passive | active behaviour |
| Keyword | association, stimulus, response | reward, punishment, reinforcement |
| Classroom use | डर हटाउने, राम्रो वातावरण | राम्रो व्यवहारलाई reinforcement |
शैक्षिक उपयोगिता
- सकारात्मक classroom वातावरण बनाउने।
- डर, असहजता र नकारात्मक अनुभव घटाउने।
- राम्रो उत्तर, अनुशासन र सहभागितालाई reinforcement दिने।
- विद्यार्थीको व्यवहार क्रमशः shaping गर्ने।
Exam Point
Reward, punishment, reinforcement देखे Operant सोच्नुहोस्। Stimulus-response association देखे Classical सोच्नुहोस्।
MCQ Revision Points
- Classical conditioning association मा आधारित हुन्छ।
- Operant conditioning consequence मा आधारित हुन्छ।
- Reinforcement operant conditioning सँग जोडिन्छ।
- Stimulus-response शब्द classical conditioning मा धेरै आउँछ।