Syllabus Focus
- Introduction, types and functions of operating systems.
- Command line operations such as copy, move, view and file attributes.
- Windows GUI: desktop, taskbar, My Computer, Recycle Bin.
- Starting and shutting down Windows.
- File management using Windows Explorer.
- Control Panel, Character Map and Paint.
- Search files/folders and save results.
- Changing settings, creating shortcuts and using system tools.
- Disk scanning, defragmenter, backup, restore and format.
Standard definitions
Operating System
Standard definition: An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources and provides common services for application programs.
Simple meaning: Computer को मुख्य manager हो; hardware र apps बीच काम मिलाउँछ।
GUI
Standard definition: A graphical user interface is an interface that allows users to interact with a computer using windows, icons, menus and pointing devices.
Simple meaning: Mouse, icon, window र menu बाट चलाउने सजिलो interface।
Command Line Interface
Standard definition: A command line interface is a text-based interface where users type commands to perform operating system tasks.
Simple meaning: Command लेखेर computer लाई काम गराउने interface।
File Management
Standard definition: File management is the creation, storage, organisation, retrieval, copying, moving and deletion of files and folders.
Simple meaning: Files/folders बनाउने, राख्ने, खोज्ने, सार्ने, नक्कल गर्ने र मेट्ने काम।
System Restore
Standard definition: System restore is a recovery feature that returns system files and settings to an earlier state without affecting personal files.
Simple meaning: System problem भए पहिलेको ठीक अवस्थामा फर्काउने feature।
Process
Standard definition: A process is a program in execution, including its current activity, memory and system resources.
Simple meaning: चलिरहेको program लाई process भनिन्छ।
Directory
Standard definition: A directory is a file system structure used to organise files and subdirectories.
Simple meaning: Files राख्ने folder structure।
Backup
Standard definition: A backup is a separate copy of data or system files kept for recovery after loss or failure.
Simple meaning: Data हराएपछि फर्काउन राखिएको copy।
Disk Formatting
Standard definition: Disk formatting is the process of preparing a storage device with a file system so it can store data.
Simple meaning: Disk लाई data राख्न मिल्ने गरी तयार पार्ने प्रक्रिया।
OS लाई यसरी सम्झनुहोस्
Manager
Process, memory, files र devices मिलाएर चलाउँछ।
Interface
User र hardware बीच काम गर्ने सजिलो बाटो दिन्छ।
Security
User account, permissions र updates मार्फत system सुरक्षित राख्छ।
Utilities
Backup, restore, format, scan, defrag जस्ता maintenance tools।
१० मिनेट OS practice lab
- एउटा folder बनाउनुहोस्, त्यसभित्र text file save गर्नुहोस्।
- File copy, rename, move र delete गरेर Recycle Bin बाट restore गर्नुहोस्।
- Search प्रयोग गरेर file खोज्नुहोस् र shortcut बनाउनुहोस्।
- Control Panel/Settings बाट date, language वा display setting हेर्नुहोस्।
- Command prompt मा dir, copy, rename जस्ता command को काम सम्झनुहोस्।