Network picture
Network भनेको devices बीचको बाटो हो
Topology बाट shape बुझिन्छ, device बाट traffic कसरी जान्छ बुझिन्छ, IP बाट address बुझिन्छ।
Syllabus Focus
- Definition, types and topologies of computer network.
- Network cables, connectors and media.
- Hub, switch, router, gateway and other network devices.
- Network cabling and cable testing.
- IP address, subnet mask, gateway, DNS, static and dynamic address.
- IPCONFIG, PING, TRACERT and NSLOOKUP.
- Email, internet, extranet, intranet and WWW.
- Browsers and cloud-based services.
Standard definitions
Computer Network
Standard definition: A computer network is a collection of interconnected computing devices that exchange data and share resources using communication protocols.
Simple meaning: दुई वा धेरै computers/devices जोडिएर data र resource share गर्ने system।
Topology
Standard definition: Network topology is the physical or logical arrangement of nodes and links in a computer network.
Simple meaning: Network मा devices कसरी जोडिएका छन् भन्ने structure।
Protocol
Standard definition: A protocol is a set of rules and procedures that govern communication between network devices.
Simple meaning: Devices ले data पठाउँदा/लिँदा पालन गर्ने नियम।
IP Address
Standard definition: An IP address is a logical numerical identifier assigned to a device on an IP network for identification and communication.
Simple meaning: Network मा device चिनाउने address।
Subnet Mask
Standard definition: A subnet mask identifies which part of an IP address represents the network and which part represents the host.
Simple meaning: IP address को network भाग र device भाग छुट्याउने mask।
DNS
Standard definition: The Domain Name System translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses used by computers.
Simple meaning: google.com जस्ता नामलाई IP address मा बदल्ने system।
Gateway
Standard definition: A gateway is a network node that connects different networks and forwards traffic between them.
Simple meaning: आफ्नो network बाहिर internet/अर्को network मा जाने ढोका।
Hub
Standard definition: A hub is a basic networking device that broadcasts received data to all connected ports.
Simple meaning: Data सबै connected devices तिर पठाउने basic device।
Switch
Standard definition: A switch is a networking device that forwards data frames to the correct destination port using MAC addresses.
Simple meaning: MAC address हेरेर सही device तिर data पठाउने device।
Router
Standard definition: A router is a network device that forwards packets between different networks using IP addresses and routing tables.
Simple meaning: Different networks जोड्ने र IP अनुसार बाटो मिलाउने device।
Ping
Standard definition: Ping is a network utility used to test reachability of a host and measure round-trip response time.
Simple meaning: अर्को device/server reachable छ कि छैन जाँच्ने command।
Tracert
Standard definition: Tracert is a network diagnostic command that shows the route packets take to reach a destination.
Simple meaning: Data कुन-कुन route हुँदै गयो भनेर देखाउने command।
Cloud Service
Standard definition: A cloud service is an internet-based computing service that provides storage, applications or infrastructure on demand.
Simple meaning: Internet बाट storage, app वा server सुविधा प्रयोग गर्ने service।
Device memory cards
Hub
Data सबै port मा पठाउँछ; smart filtering हुँदैन।
Switch
MAC address अनुसार सही port मा data पठाउँछ।
Router
Different networks जोड्छ र IP route गर्छ।
Gateway
Network बाहिर जाने entry/exit point जस्तै काम गर्छ।
Command practice
- ipconfig बाट आफ्नो IP, subnet mask र gateway हेर्नुहोस्।
- ping प्रयोग गरेर connectivity जाँच्नुहोस्।
- tracert बाट packet कुन-कुन route हुँदै जान्छ हेर्नुहोस्।
- nslookup बाट domain को DNS resolution जाँच्नुहोस्।