Syllabus Focus
- Introduction to data, database and DBMS.
- Tables, fields, records, relationships and indexing.
- Database application and data types.
- Create, modify and delete tables.
- Establish relationships among tables.
- Format and validate field data.
- Insert, modify and delete data.
- Create, modify, delete and use simple queries, forms and reports.
Standard definitions
Database
Standard definition: A database is an organised collection of related data stored and managed for efficient access, update and retrieval.
Simple meaning: सम्बन्धित data व्यवस्थित रूपमा राखिएको संग्रह।
DBMS
Standard definition: A database management system is software that enables users to define, create, maintain, control and access databases.
Simple meaning: Database बनाउने, चलाउने, खोज्ने, edit गर्ने software।
Table
Standard definition: A table is a database object that stores data in rows and columns about a specific entity.
Simple meaning: एउटा विषयको data राख्ने row-column structure।
Field
Standard definition: A field is a column in a table that stores one type of data for all records.
Simple meaning: Table को column, जस्तै Name वा RollNo।
Record
Standard definition: A record is a row in a table that contains a complete set of field values for one entity.
Simple meaning: एक व्यक्तिको वा वस्तुको पूरा row data।
Primary Key
Standard definition: A primary key is a field or combination of fields that uniquely identifies each record in a table.
Simple meaning: हरेक record छुट्याउने unique field, जस्तै RollNo।
Query
Standard definition: A query is a request to retrieve, filter, calculate or modify data from one or more database tables.
Simple meaning: Database बाट चाहिएको data खोज्ने वा निकाल्ने command/request।
Relationship
Standard definition: A relationship is an association between tables based on common fields, used to connect related data.
Simple meaning: दुई tables लाई common field बाट जोड्ने सम्बन्ध।
Index
Standard definition: An index is a database structure that improves the speed of data retrieval from a table.
Simple meaning: Data छिटो खोज्न बनाइने सूचक structure।
Form
Standard definition: A form is a database object that provides a user-friendly interface for entering, viewing or editing records.
Simple meaning: Data राख्न/हेर्न सजिलो बनाउने screen।
Report
Standard definition: A report is a formatted database output used to present, summarise or print selected data.
Simple meaning: Database data लाई print/read गर्न मिल्ने format मा देखाउने output।
Data Type
Standard definition: A data type defines the kind of value a field can store, such as text, number, date or currency.
Simple meaning: Field मा कस्तो data राख्ने हो भन्ने प्रकार।
Table
एउटा विषयको data राख्ने संरचना, जस्तै Students।
Field
Table को column, जस्तै Name, RollNo, Marks।
Record
एक row, अर्थात् एउटा विद्यार्थीको पूरा data।
Query/Form/Report
Data खोज्ने, राख्ने र print/report बनाउने मुख्य tools।
DBMS practice idea
- Students नामको table बनाउनुहोस्।
- RollNo, Name, Subject, Marks fields राख्नुहोस्।
- ५ वटा records थप्नुहोस्।
- Marks 40 भन्दा माथिका records देखाउने query बनाउनुहोस्।
- त्यही data बाट simple form र report बनाउनुहोस्।