PSC (psc.gov.np) website is currently down, so new notices and results cannot be fetched right now. We will update as soon as it is back.

लोक सेवा आयोगको वेबसाइट अहिले चलेको छैन। आयोग सञ्चालनमा आउनासाथ सूचना तथा नतिजा अपडेट गरिनेछ।

📐 3.5 क्षेत्रफल तथा घनफल (Mensuration)

Rectangle (आयत): Area = l×b | Perimeter = 2(l+b)
Square (वर्ग): Area = a² | Perimeter = 4a
Triangle (त्रिभुज): Area = ½×b×h | Heron’s: √[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)], s=(a+b+c)/2
Circle (वृत्त): Area = πr² | Circumference = 2πr (π≈3.14159)
Cylinder (बेलनाकार): Volume = πr²h | Lateral SA = 2πrh
Cube: Volume = a³ | Surface Area = 6a²
Cuboid: Volume = l×b×h
Banking Example: बैंकको Vault Room को आयाम: 5m × 4m × 3m
Volume = 5 × 4 × 3 = 60 m³
Floor Area = 5 × 4 = 20 m²

📊 3.6–3.7 तथ्याङ्क र मध्यक (Statistics and Averages)

Mean (अंकगणितीय मध्य):
Simple Mean = ΣX / n (ungrouped)
Weighted Mean = ΣwX / Σw
Grouped Mean = ΣfX / Σf (f=frequency, X=mid-value)

Median (मध्यिका):
Odd n: Middle value of sorted data
Even n: Average of n/2 and (n/2+1) values

Mode (बहुलक): Most frequently occurring value

Range (परास): Max – Min
Standard Deviation (मानक विचलन): σ = √[Σ(X-X̄)²/n]

Weighted Average Lending Rate Example:
Bank A lends: Rs.10 Cr @ 12%, Rs.20 Cr @ 11%, Rs.30 Cr @ 10%
WALR = (10×12 + 20×11 + 30×10) / (10+20+30)
= (120 + 220 + 300) / 60 = 640/60 = १०.६७%

Median Example: Data: 5, 3, 8, 2, 9, 1, 7 → Sorted: 1,2,3,5,7,8,9 → Median = 5

Measure NRB/Banking Application
Arithmetic Mean Weighted Average Lending/Deposit Rate (WALR/WADR)
Weighted Mean Portfolio Average Return, WACC
Median Median Income for Loan Eligibility
Standard Deviation Risk Measurement — Volatility of Returns
Mode Most common Loan Amount, Cheque Amount analysis

📈 3.8 मूल्य सूचकांक (Price Index)

परिभाषा: मूल्य सूचकांक भनेको एक निश्चित आधार वर्षको मूल्यको तुलनामा हालको मूल्यको अनुपात देखाउने सांख्यिकीय उपकरण हो।

Simple Price Index:
Price Index = (Current Price / Base Price) × 100

Laspeyres Index (Base Period Quantity):
L = [Σ(P₁×Q₀) / Σ(P₀×Q₀)] × 100

Paasche Index (Current Period Quantity):
P = [Σ(P₁×Q₁) / Σ(P₀×Q₁)] × 100

Fisher’s Ideal Index = √(L × P)

Inflation Rate = [(CPI Current – CPI Previous) / CPI Previous] × 100

सूचकांक पूर्ण नाम NRB/नेपालमा प्रयोग
CPI Consumer Price Index नेपाल CBS ले मासिक calculate; NRB Inflation Target Base
WPI Wholesale Price Index Wholesale market prices; CBS Nepal
NEPSE Index Nepal Stock Exchange Index Share Market health indicator; SEBON/NRB
GDP Deflator Nominal GDP / Real GDP × 100 Broad inflation measure; NPC/MoF
CPI Calculation:
Base Year (2076/77) CPI = 100 | Current Year CPI = 115
Inflation = [(115 – 100) / 100] × 100 = १५%

NRB Context: NRB ले मौद्रिक नीति (Monetary Policy) मार्फत Inflation ७% भित्र राख्ने लक्ष्य राख्छ। CPI बढ्दा NRB Policy Rate बढाउँछ।

✍️ ५ अंक — “मूल्य सूचकांकको महत्त्व र प्रकारहरू”

  1. परिभाषा: आधार वर्षसँग तुलना गरी मूल्य परिवर्तन मापन गर्ने उपकरण
  2. CPI: उपभोक्ता वस्तु/सेवाको मूल्य — Inflation मापनको मुख्य आधार
  3. WPI: थोक बजारको मूल्य — Production cost indicator
  4. NRB उपयोग: Inflation target (≤7%) निर्धारण; Monetary Policy calibration
  5. Real vs Nominal: Real Value = Nominal Value / (Price Index/100)
🔑 Statistics Formulas:
Mean = ΣfX/Σf | Median = L + [(n/2-cf)/f]×h (grouped)
CPI Inflation = (CPI_t – CPI_t-1)/CPI_t-1 × 100
NRB Inflation Target: ≤ 7% (मौद्रिक नीति लक्ष्य)
Nepal CPI Base Year: 2076/77 (current)
💡 सम्भावित प्रश्न: “CPI र Inflation को सम्बन्ध” | “Weighted Average Rate गणना” | “Laspeyres र Paasche Index को फरक” | “Standard Deviation को महत्त्व”