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लोक सेवा आयोगको वेबसाइट अहिले चलेको छैन। आयोग सञ्चालनमा आउनासाथ सूचना तथा नतिजा अपडेट गरिनेछ।

तथ्यांक व्याख्या (Data Interpretation)

दिइएका tables, graphs वा charts बाट तथ्यांक पढेर प्रश्नहरूको उत्तर दिनुपर्छ। यस खण्डमा Calculation speed र accuracy नै सफलताको कुञ्जी हो।

तथ्यांक व्याख्या — Chart Types Bar Chart Pie Chart Line Chart Tabular Data Year | Sales | Growth 2020 | 500 | — 2021 | 620 | 24% 2022 | 750 | 21% 2023 | 900 | 20% 2024 | 1050| 16.7% DI को key skill: सही data locate गर्नुस्, calculation shortcut प्रयोग गर्नुस्

1. Table DI (तालिका व्याख्या)

प्रश्न प्रकारहरू

Type Formula
Total / Sum Row वा Column sum गर्नुस्
Average Sum ÷ Count
Growth % [(New−Old)/Old]×100
Ratio A/B (simplify)
Difference Larger − Smaller
Rank Sort descending

2. Bar Chart DI

Reading Strategy

  • X-axis: Category (Year, Month, Product)
  • Y-axis: Value scale — carefully read the unit
  • Multiple bars: compare groups within same category
  • Stacked bars: total = height; each segment = component
Common error: Y-axis को scale ध्यान नदिनु। 50 देखिने bar वास्तवमा 500 हुन सक्छ — unit हेर्नुस् (thousands, lakhs, crores)।

3. Pie Chart DI

Key Formulas

Concept Formula
Value of a sector (Angle/360) × Total
Angle of a sector (Value/Total) × 360°
% of a sector (Angle/360) × 100
Ratio of two sectors Angle₁ : Angle₂
Shortcut: Pie % directly → Value = (% / 100) × Total

4. Line Graph DI

What to look for

  • Trend: Increasing / Decreasing / Fluctuating
  • Steepest rise: Maximum rate of change
  • Intersection: Two lines cross → Equal value at that point
  • Maximum/Minimum: Peak/Trough points

5. Mixed DI (Table + Chart)

Strategy

  1. दुई data source लाई link गर्ने key variable identify गर्नुस्
  2. प्रश्न सावधानीपूर्वक पढ्नुस् — table बाट लिने हो कि chart बाट?
  3. Intermediate calculation note गर्नुस्

6. Calculation Shortcuts

% Quick Calc

10% of X = X/10
5% of X = X/20
25% of X = X/4
33.33% of X = X/3
12.5% of X = X/8

Approximation

DI मा exact answer नचाहिने भए approximate:
487 ≈ 490, 1023 ≈ 1000
Choices मा gap ठूलो छ भने approximate गर्नुस्
Choices नजिक छन् भने exact calculate गर्नुस्

Ratio Quick

3:5 = 37.5% : 62.5%
2:3 = 40% : 60%
1:4 = 20% : 80%
3:7 = 30% : 70%

Sample DI — Table Practice

Year Export (Cr) Import (Cr) Trade Balance
2020 1200 1800 −600
2021 1400 2000 −600
2022 1650 2100 −450
2023 1900 2200 −300
2024 2100 2350 −250

Q: 2020-2024 मा Export को average growth rate?
Total growth = (2100−1200)/1200 × 100 = 75% over 4 years → CAGR ≈ 75/4 ≈ ~15% simple average

Quick Recall — Data Interpretation:
• Pie: Value = (Angle/360)×Total | % = (Angle/360)×100
• Growth % = [(New−Old)/Old]×100
• 10% shortcut: divide by 10
• Stacked bar: each segment = component value
• Line: steepest slope = maximum rate of change
• Mixed DI: identify the linking variable
Practice MCQs:
Q1. Pie chart मा एउटा sector को angle 72° छ भने total को कति % हो?
(A) 15%   (B) 18%   (C) 20%   (D) 25%
→ (C) 20% → (72/360)×100 = 20%

Q2. 2021 मा Export को 2020 बाट % growth?
(A) 14.3%   (B) 16.7%   (C) 15%   (D) 20%
→ (B) 16.7% → [(1400−1200)/1200]×100 = (200/1200)×100 = 16.67%