सामान्य मानसिक क्षमता (General Mental Ability)
यस खण्डले समग्र बौद्धिक क्षमता — तार्किक सोच, स्मृति, ध्यान, Pattern recognition — परीक्षण गर्छ। Verbal र Non-Verbal दुवैका elements समावेश हुन्छन्।
1. Logical Deduction
Deductive vs Inductive
| Type | Direction | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Deductive | General → Specific | All men mortal; Ram is man → Ram mortal |
| Inductive | Specific → General | Sun rose every day → Sun will rise tomorrow |
2. Puzzles (तार्किक पहेली)
Types र Approach
| Type | Approach |
|---|---|
| Linear arrangement | Table बनाउनुस् — rows=persons, columns=conditions |
| Circular arrangement | 1 anchor fix गर्नुस् → relative fill |
| Floor/Building puzzle | Top-down वा Bottom-up table |
| Scheduling | Days × Activities grid |
| Comparison | >, < chain बनाउनुस् → rank निकाल्नुस् |
Key: प्रत्येक definite clue पहिले place गर्नुस्, conditional clues पछि।
3. Clock Problems
Key Facts
| Concept | Value |
|---|---|
| Minute hand speed | 6°/minute |
| Hour hand speed | 0.5°/minute |
| Relative speed | 5.5°/minute |
| Overlap after 12 | Every 65.45 minutes |
| Angle between hands at H:M | |30H − 5.5M| |
Hands coincide — all times in 12 hr
12:00, 1:05.45, 2:10.9, 3:16.36, 4:21.81, 5:27.27, 6:32.72, 7:38.18, 8:43.63, 9:49.09, 10:54.54
4. Calendar Problems
Key Rules
- Ordinary year: 365 days = 52 weeks + 1 odd day
- Leap year: 366 days = 52 weeks + 2 odd days
- Leap year: divisible by 4; century year divisible by 400
- Day counting: use odd days method
| Month | Odd days | Month | Odd days |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 3 | July | 3 |
| February (ord) | 0 | August | 3 |
| February (leap) | 1 | September | 2 |
| March | 3 | October | 3 |
| April | 2 | November | 2 |
| May | 3 | December | 3 |
| June | 2 | — | — |
5. Venn Diagram र Sets
Set Formulas
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| n(A∪B) = n(A)+n(B)−n(A∩B) | Union of two sets |
| n(A∪B∪C) = n(A)+n(B)+n(C)−n(A∩B)−n(B∩C)−n(A∩C)+n(A∩B∩C) | Union of three sets |
| Only A = n(A)−n(A∩B)−n(A∩C)+n(A∩B∩C) | Exclusive A |
6. Sequence Number Puzzles
Square root trick: √144=12, √169=13, √196=14, √225=15, √256=16, √289=17, √324=18, √361=19, √400=20
Cube: 1³=1, 2³=8, 3³=27, 4³=64, 5³=125, 6³=216, 7³=343, 8³=512, 9³=729, 10³=1000
Quick Recall — Mental Ability:
• Clock angle: |30H − 5.5M|
• Minute: 6°/min | Hour: 0.5°/min | Relative: 5.5°/min
• Leap year: div by 4; century: div by 400
• n(A∪B) = n(A)+n(B)−n(A∩B)
• Puzzle: definite clues first, conditional later
• Clock angle: |30H − 5.5M|
• Minute: 6°/min | Hour: 0.5°/min | Relative: 5.5°/min
• Leap year: div by 4; century: div by 400
• n(A∪B) = n(A)+n(B)−n(A∩B)
• Puzzle: definite clues first, conditional later
Practice MCQs:
Q1. 6:30 बजेको clock मा minute र hour hands को कोण?
(A) 15° (B) 165° (C) 195° (D) 180°
→ (A) |30×6 − 5.5×30| = |180 − 165| = 15°
Q1. 6:30 बजेको clock मा minute र hour hands को कोण?
(A) 15° (B) 165° (C) 195° (D) 180°
→ (A) |30×6 − 5.5×30| = |180 − 165| = 15°
Q2. 100 जनाको survey मा 60 ले Tea, 50 ले Coffee र 25 ले दुवै पिउँछन्। न tea न coffee?
(A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 25
→ (B) 15 → n(T∪C)=60+50−25=85; Neither=100−85=15