अंग्रेजी — Reading Comprehension, Error Spotting र Sentence Rearrangement
यस नोटमा RC strategies, Error spotting के grammar rules र PQRST method समेटिएका छन्।
Reading Comprehension — Question Types
| Question Type | Strategy |
|---|---|
| Main idea / Title | Overall theme — सबै paragraphs पढेपछि |
| Factual / Detail | Specific info — passage मा directly locate गर्नुस् |
| Inference | Passage भित्रको implied meaning — beyond literal |
| Vocabulary in context | Word को surrounding context बाट meaning |
| Tone / Author attitude | Positive/Negative/Neutral/Critical/Sarcastic |
| True/False/Not stated | “Not stated” — passage silent = NOT stated (not false) |
Trap: “Probably true” वा “can be inferred” प्रश्नमा — passage को exact wording match नखोज्नुस्, logical extension खोज्नुस्।
Error Spotting — Common Grammar Errors
Top Error Patterns
| Error Type | Wrong | Correct |
|---|---|---|
| Double comparison | more better | better |
| Wrong pronoun case | Between you and I | Between you and me |
| Dangling modifier | Walking home, it rained. | Walking home, I got wet in rain. |
| Article error | He is a honest man. | He is an honest man. |
| Tense inconsistency | He came and smiles. | He came and smiled. |
| Subject-verb mismatch | The news are bad. | The news is bad. |
| Wrong preposition | He is married with her. | He is married to her. |
| Redundancy | free gift, new innovation | gift, innovation |
| Plural after “each/every” | Each of the boys have. | Each of the boys has. |
| Misplaced “only” | She only eats rice. | She eats only rice. (if meaning is exclusive) |
Sentence Rearrangement (PQRST / Para Jumble)
Strategy
- Opening sentence खोज्नुस् — general statement, introduction, definition
- Closing sentence खोज्नुस् — conclusion, result, summary
- Connectors पहिचान गर्नुस्: However, Therefore, Moreover, Nevertheless, Hence
- Pronoun reference: “he/she/it/they” → पहिले noun आउनुपर्छ
- Article: “a/an” → पहिले mention; “the” → second mention
Connector Sequence Logic
| Connector | Meaning | Position |
|---|---|---|
| However / But | Contrast | पहिलेको idea counter गर्छ |
| Therefore / Hence / Thus | Result/Conclusion | Often near end |
| Moreover / Furthermore | Addition | Supporting point add गर्छ |
| For instance / For example | Example | Previous claim support गर्छ |
| In contrast / On the other hand | Opposition | Two sides compare गर्छ |
Cloze Test (Fill in the Blanks)
Strategy
- Context clues: surrounding sentences बाट theme identify गर्नुस्
- Part of Speech: blank मा noun/verb/adjective/adverb कुन चाहिन्छ?
- Collocations: “strong tea” ✓ “powerful tea” ✗
- Tone consistency: formal passage → formal word
Common Collocations
| Verb | Correct Collocation |
|---|---|
| make | make a decision, make progress, make an effort |
| do | do research, do homework, do business |
| take | take responsibility, take action, take a break |
| have | have a meeting, have an impact, have access |
| pay | pay attention, pay a compliment, pay tribute |
Idioms and Phrases
| Idiom | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Beat around the bush | Direct कुरा नगरी वरिपरि कुरा गर्नु |
| Bite the bullet | कठिन परिस्थितिलाई साहसपूर्वक सामना गर्नु |
| Break the ice | सुरुवात गर्नु / awkwardness हटाउनु |
| Burn the midnight oil | रातभर काम/पढाइ गर्नु |
| Cut corners | शर्टकट लिनु / quality घटाउनु |
| Hit the nail on the head | ठीक कुरा भन्नु / सही point छुनु |
| Let the cat out of the bag | गोप्य कुरा खुलाउनु |
| Once in a blue moon | कहिलेकाहीँ मात्र |
| Spill the beans | गोप्य कुरा भन्नु |
| Under the weather | बिरामी हुनु / अस्वस्थ |
Quick Recall — English Advanced:
• RC: Skim → Questions → Locate → Eliminate → Verify
• “The” = second mention / specific; “a/an” = first mention
• Error: double comparison (more better ✗), wrong case (you and I ✗ after preposition)
• Para jumble: opening=general, closing=conclusion, connectors=order
• Collocation: make a decision ✓, do a decision ✗
• RC: Skim → Questions → Locate → Eliminate → Verify
• “The” = second mention / specific; “a/an” = first mention
• Error: double comparison (more better ✗), wrong case (you and I ✗ after preposition)
• Para jumble: opening=general, closing=conclusion, connectors=order
• Collocation: make a decision ✓, do a decision ✗
Practice MCQs:
Q1. Error spotting: “The committee have decided to postpone the meeting.”
(A) The committee (B) have decided (C) to postpone (D) the meeting
→ (B) “have” → “has” (committee = collective = singular)
Q1. Error spotting: “The committee have decided to postpone the meeting.”
(A) The committee (B) have decided (C) to postpone (D) the meeting
→ (B) “have” → “has” (committee = collective = singular)
Q2. Idiom: “He always beats around the bush” means:
(A) He loves gardening (B) He avoids the main topic (C) He is aggressive (D) He is shy
→ (B) avoids the main topic
Q3. Choose the correct sentence:
(A) She is married with a doctor. (B) She is married to a doctor.
(C) She is married by a doctor. (D) She is married for a doctor.
→ (B) “married to” is the correct preposition